A-Z Guide to Nutrients
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M
N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
AGNUS CASTUS: Agnus castus is a herb native to the Mediterranean countries and Central Asia. It is commonly used to treat menstrual disorders including premenstrual problems by regulating hormone balance. It is also very helpful for certain menopausal conditions and for promoting lactation.
ALFALFA: This plant is a rich source of a range of nutrients including amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Apart from a nutritive herb, Alfalfa is also effective as a detoxifier and tonic and has anti-inflammatory activity.
ALOE VERA: Aloe Vera is the most widely known and used of over 300 Aloe species. It is native to Eastern and Southern Africa and is cultivated extensively worldwide. It has traditionally been used as a colon cleanser, to maintain healthy skin and for its anti-inflammatory, protective and healing properties.
ALPHA-GALACTOSIDASE: Alpha-Galactosidase is a fungus-derived enzyme that breaks down certain carbohydrate residues that normally the body cannot digest. In supplement form it aids the digestion of beans and pulses.
ALPHA LIPOIC ACID: Alpha Lipoic Acid is a powerful antioxidant sometimes called the ‘universal antioxidant’ as it functions in both the fat and water soluble parts of the body.
AMINO ACIDS: Amino acids are the building blocks of protein and therefore are responsible for many of the structural components of the body. Amino acids supply essential material for the duplication of the genetic code, for cell division and for the formation of muscles and connective tissues. Amino acids are classified as either ‘essential’ or ‘non-essential’. Essential amino acids cannot be synthesised by the body and must be obtained in the diet, the non-essential amino acids can be produced in the body from the essential amino acids. Individual amino acids also have specific functions in the body.
AMYLASE: Amylase is the first digestive enzyme to act on food in the body. It digests starch by breaking it down into sugars.
ANISEED: Aniseed has anti-pararsitic properties. It is also a carminative (relieves digestive gas and indigestion) and an antispasmodic (relieves muscle spasm).
ARGININE: The amino acid Arginine is non-essential for most adults. Arginine plays a vital role in ammonia detoxification. Many important body tissues such as collagen and elastin require Arginine for their manufacture.
ARTEMISIA: Commonly known as Wormwood, this shrub grows wild in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia. Wormwood has been used traditionally to improve digestion and fight worm infestations.
ASPARTIC ACID: Aspartic Acid is a non-essential amino acid (can be made in the body) that plays a vital role in metabolism. It is involved in the formation of Ribo-Nucleic Acid (RNA), Deoxyribo-Nucleic Acid (DNA) and certain immune factors. It is also required by the body to detoxify ammonia.
ASTRAGALUS: This herb acts as an immune stimulant. It also helps the body adapt to stressful situations and has been used traditionally as a general tonic. Astragalus is also a cardiotonic increasing the strength of heart muscle contractions, which is useful in cases of fatigue.
AVENA SATIVA: Avena Sativa is the Latin name for common oat. It is has long been used as an effective nerve tonic.
BACOPA MONNIERI: Bacopa Monnieri is a plant extract with a very long history as a neural tonic. Research has confirmed its benefits in maintaining long-term memory. The herb also promotes an alert mental state and facilitates learning.
BEETROOT: Beetroot juice has a long tradition of use as a liver cleanser in naturopathic regimes. It stimulates the emptying of the gall bladder, into which liver toxins are drained before elimination. Herbs are best taken with foode
BETA CAROTENE: Beta Carotene is a potent antioxidant. It also supports immune function and appears to protect the skin against damage from UV radiation. In addition it can be converted to Vitamin A by the body when required and is a safer way of supplementing this vitamin.
BETA 1,3 GLUCAN: This polysaccharide has powerful immune-boosting activity as research now confirms.
BETAINE HYDROCHLORIDE: This provides a natural source of hydrochloric acid, normally produced in the stomach, which has several functions including activating protease enzymes, allowing for the absorption of Vitamin B12 and many minerals and sterilising the food that enters the stomach. As people age the production of hydrochloric acid declines which can inhibitdigestive function.
BIFIDOBACTERIA: Bifidobacteria are health-enhancing bacteria naturally found within the micro-environment of the gut. Roles within the body of these and other beneficial bacteria include discouraging growth of harmful bacteria, aiding digestion, regulating aspects of immune function, manufacturing certain vitamins, detoxification of toxins and regulating blood cholesterol levels.
BILBERRY: Bilberry is native to Europe and America. Anthocyanosides are the group of active compounds found in Bilberry, they are extremely powerful antioxidants having activities many times greater than Vitamins C and E. Research has shown that Bilberry is effective in preventing and treating eye conditions such as cataracts and macular degeneration.
BIOFLAVANOIDS: These plant chemicals have actions very similar to Vitamin C and enhance the body’s absorption and utilisation of Vitamin C. They also maintain the integrity of blood vessels.
BIOTIN: Biotin is one of the B-Vitamins. It is required for the normal growth and development of bone marrow, nerves, muscle, hair, skin and nails. The co-enzyme form of Biotin is involved in the production of energy from foods.
BLACK RADISH: This herb stimulates the liver to increase bile production. It is also a rich source of Sulphur which is involved in the liver detoxification processes.
BLACK WALNUT: This herb has a long history as a remedy for parasite infection. It is also effective as an antifungal and is often used to treat candidiasis and athlete’s foot.
BOLDO: The leaves of this tree, which is native to Chile, have long been used as a liver tonic. Boldo is a liver stimulant and a cholagogue (stimulates the flow of bile). It is also a mild sedative and has diuretic and antiseptic properties.
BOSWELLIA: This extract from the Frankincense plant inhibits production of inflammatory and pain-producing chemicals in the body. Research has confirmed the potent anti-inflammatory actions of Boswellia. The active extracts in Boswellia also have a cholesterol lowering effect.
BORON: Boron is a mineral that affects the metabolism of Calcium and Magnesium and is vital for the proper absorption and distribution of Calcium.
BROMELAIN: Bromelain is a natural proteolytic plant enzyme derived from the stem of pineapple. It is a Sulphur containing compound with a variety of applications including the treatment of inflammatory conditions and bruising.
BUCHU: Buchu is a shrub native to the Cape region of South Africa. As a herb it has diuretic and urinary antiseptic activity and certain constituents of Buchu act as anti-inflammatory agents.
BURDOCK: Burdock has been used traditionally in Chinese medicine as a blood purifier. Compounds found in Burdock exert antimicrobial activity especially against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Burdock also has a mild hypoglycemic effect.
CALAMUS: Calamus supports general digestion, relieves flatulence and also has antibacterial action.
CALCIUM: Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. It is essential for the formation and maintenance of strong bones and teeth, 99% of the body’s Calcium is found in these tissues. Calcium is also required for blood clotting, transmission of signals in nerve cells and for muscle contraction.
CALCIUM D-GLUCARATE: Calcium D-Glucarate is the calcium salt of DGlucaric Acid. It is a naturally occurring substance found in humans and many plants and is an important detoxifying agent because it boosts glucuronidation, one of the key detoxification processes in the liver.
CAPRYLIC ACID: This antifungal fatty acid is found mainly in coconuts and eliminates the yeast candida albicans.
CARAWAY: Caraway possesses carminative properties and therefore helps to relieve flatulence. In addition it is an antimicrobial and antispasmodic. It is also an expectorant which means that it promotes mucous secretion within the lungs and facilitates its expulsion.
CARDAMON: Cardamon is a digestive stimulant with carminative properties (relieves flatulence). In Chinese medicine terms it is known asa ‘warming’ herb.
CARNITINE: Carnitine is made in the body from the amino acids Lysine and Methionine. It is required for the process of ‘burning’ fat to release energy. It’s actions appear to be particularly important in the heart.
CAROTENOIDS: Carotenoids are plant pigments which give yellow, orange and red fruits and vegetables their colour. The Carotenoids are potent antioxidants and also have a variety of immune stimulating activities.
CAT’S CLAW: Cat’s Claw grows in the rain forests of the Andes Mountains in South America, particularly in Peru. The inner bark contains several alkaloid chemical constituents that have been shown to have immune-stimulating, antiinflammatory and antioxidant actions.
CAYENNE: Cayenne Pepper contains compounds with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Cayenne exerts several beneficial effects on gastrointestinal function including promoting proper digestive function and acting as a carminative (relieves flatulence). Cayenne appears to support the cardiovascular system by lowering blood cholesterol levels.
CELERY: Celery is native to Europe and is often used to help cleanse the body. It is a mild diuretic.
CELLULASE: This fungus-derived enzyme acts to break down cellulose and aids the digestion of vegetable matter and fibrous foods.
CHAMPIGNON MUSHROOM: Recent research indicates that Champignon extract can be useful in cleansing the blood by neutralising putrid substances that are absorbed into the blood from the gastro-intestinal tract. This mushroom is very effective at eliminating offensive body odours by getting to the very source of the problem. It supports liver and kidney function by eliminating toxins from the blood.
CHAMOMILE: Chamomile is a herb with calming properties and it is a very mild sedative. It has found to be useful for treating nervous irritability in children.
CHARCOAL: Charcoal has the ability to absorb toxins and gas in the intestines therefore relieving flatulence, bloating and pain.
CHELATE: Absorption of dietary minerals involves the mineral combining with a protein compound such as an amino acid or an acid like compound such as citric or lactic acid. The resulting compound is called a ‘chelate’ and in this from the mineral easily passes into the blood stream from the gut.
CHINESE RED YEAST: Chinese Red Yeast is made by fermenting a type of yeast called Monascus Purpureus over rice. Research has indicated that it contains compounds that are effective at lowering cholesterol.
CHITOSAN: Chitosan is a compound extracted from the shells of crustaceans, such as shrimp and crab. It is indigestible but clinical trials indicate that it reduces the absorption of dietary fats, bile acids and cholesterol, which leads to a lowering of blood cholesterol and fats.
CHLORELLA: Chlorella is a nutrient-rich green algae that is a very good detoxification agent due to the presence of compounds called alginates which bind to heavy metals and remove them from the body.
CHOLINE: Choline is classed as a ‘B Complex Factor’ as it works closely with the B-Vitamins. It is a structural component within cell walls and has a strong lipotropic (fat attracting) action, particularly helping with fat metabolism in the liver. Choline is an integral part of acetylcholine, a brin chemical which is involved in the memory process and maintains proper brain function.
CHONDROITIN: Chondroitin is a major constituent of cartilage, which acts as a shock absorber in many of the body’s joints. Chondroitin Sulphate provides structure, holds water and nutrients, and allows other molecules to move through cartilage. This last function is very important as cartilage does not have it’s own blood supply. Research has confirmed that Chondroitin Sulphate can help to restore joint function in people with osteo-arthritis.
CHROMIUM: Research has found that Chromium in the form of glucose tolerance factor (GTF) potentiates the activity of insulin, a hormone required in sugar metabolism. In this way it protects against fluctuating blood glucose levels, which can cause sugar craving. It also increases lean muscle mass.
CINNAMON: Cinnamon is an antispasmodic, stimulates circulation and is also antimicrobial against E.coli, candida albicans and some parasitic worms.
COD LIVER OIL: Cod Liver Oil provides Omega-3 essential fatty acids, which have been shown to help maintain a healthy heart, supple joints and normal nervous and endocrine function. Cod Liver Oil is also a rich source of Vitamins A and D.
CO-ENZYME Q10: Co-Q10 is an important biochemical present in all body cells with a role in the process of energy production and also functions as an antioxidant, helping to protect the body from free radical damage. Research suggests that Co- Q10 may have a number of potentially valuable therapeutic actions including enhanced immunity, maintaining healthy gums and in particular improvement ofheart muscle metabolism for those with coronary heart disease.
COLLAGEN: Collagen is a fibrous protein component of connective tissue making up almost one third of the total body protein. It is a very important factor in cartilage, which acts as a shock absorber in many of the body’s joints. Collagen also provides strength and flexibility to the vessels of the circulatory system and it gives skin its elasticity and ‘plump’ appearance.
COLLAGEN (TYPE II PURIFIED): There are several different types of Collagen in the body, the most prominent of which is Collagen Type II. Collagen Type II is very rich in Chondroitin and Glucosamine and in its purified form is absorbed very easily by the body. Research has shown it is very beneficial for those with cartilage degeneration, such as occurs in osteo-arthritis. It is also helpful for those with rheumatoid arthritis as Collagen Type II can actually inhibit the underlying auto-immune processes of this disease.
COLLOIDAL MINERALS: A Colloidal Mineral solution describes trace minerals dispersed within a liquid that neither sink nor float. The mineral elements are very small in size and theoretically this allows for fast and efficient absorption. Plantderived Colloidal Minerals are pre-assimilated by plants which as theory suggests also accounts for efficient absorption within the body.
COPPER: This important trace mineral is required for the synthesis of certain hormones and the manufacture of collagen and red blood cells. Copper is also part of an important antioxidant enzyme system.
CRANBERRY: Cranberry is from North America where it is found growing in bogs. Cranberry has been found to contain compounds that prevent the bacteria E. coli, the most common cause of urinary tract infections, from adhering to cells of the urinary tract. It is a well known remedy for treating cystitis.
CREATINE: Creatine is an amino acid compound produced naturally by the body. It is stored in muscle tissue for the production of phosphocreatine, an important factor in the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the body’s energy source. Supplementation of this compound is popular amongst athletes who wish to increase physical endurance.
CYSTEINE: This amino acid helps to build the structure of an important antioxidant enzyme system. It also helps to eliminate certain toxic substances such as heavy metals from the body and protects the liver from the toxic effects of alcohol and other toxins. Cysteine is essential for the formation of skin and hair.
DAMIANA: Damiana is a traditional stimulant tonic of the Maya people in Central America and is known for its mood elevating and aphrodisiac properties. It is a source of compounds known as sterols and glycosides which act to increase circulation and boost energy levels.
DANDELION: Known principally as a weed, Dandelion has a range of health benefits. Its key action is as a diuretic and helps to flush out the urinary tract, keeping it free of infection. It also supports the liver and digestive function.
DEVIL’S CLAW: Devil’s Claw is a native plant of Southern Africa. This herb possesses anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties. Devil’s Claw is also considered by herbalists to be a potent bitter. Bitter principles stimulate the stomach to increase the production of acid, thereby helping to improve digestion.
DONG QUAI: Dong Quai is a member of the celery family. Dong Quai’s use in Chinese medicine dates back to ancient times and today it is one of the most widely used female tonics throughout the world. Dong quai is recognised as a powerful herb for regulating all types of menstrual disorders and for the management of menopausal symptoms.
DUNALIELLA SALINA: Dunaliella Salina is an oceanic single cell which provides a natural source of Carotenoids including Beta Carotene. Synthetic Beta Carotene does not possess all the beneficial activity that the natural nutrient does and it is therefore best to supplement with Dunaliella Salina.
ECHINACEA: Echinacea is native to North America and has traditionally been used by the American Indians as a powerful immune-stimulant to strengthen the body’s resistance to bacterial and viral infections. Several compounds have been isolated from the herb with a range of immune boosting actions.
EVENING PRIMROSE OIL: Evening Primrose Oil provides a rich source of the fatty acid Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA). GLA has many vital functions in the body including its role as a precursor for prostaglandin production. Prostaglandins are extremely powerful chemicals and affect every aspect of our health through their hormone-like effects. Some of their beneficial effects include antiinflammatory and immune-boosting actions, maintaining hormonal balance, reducing blood platelet ‘stickiness’ and for skin conditions such as eczema.
EYEBRIGHT: This herb is used externally and internally to treat various eye conditions. Taken internally it is helpful for general eye fatigue and vision disturbances.
FENUGREEK: Fenugreek is used as a spice in many parts of the world. In terms of health benefits, it helps to stabilise blood sugar and lowers elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
FEVERFEW: Feverfew grows widely across Europe and North America. Traditionally this herb has been used to treat fevers, arthritis and other aches and pains. This herb is commonly used to treat pain and migraine headaches.
FOLIC ACID: Extensive research has shown that Folic Acid is important for the normal development of the baby’s neural tube, a vital part of the nervous system (prevents spina bifida). It is also required for the synthesis of DNA and red blood cells, maintaining normal cholesterol levels and circulation. Recent research has also shown that folic acid may offer protection against heart problems later in life.
FRUCTO-OLIGO SACCHARIDE (FOS): FOS is a form of soluble fibre that is not digested or absorbed by the body but can act as food for the beneficial bacteria of the intestines and promotes a good balance of gut microflora.
FRUIT OLYPHENOLS: Polyphenols are a group of compounds found in plants that have powerful antioxidant qualities.
GAMMA-AMINO BUTYRIC ACID (GABA): GABA is an amino acid that helps to regulate nerve function.
GARCINIA CAMBOGIA (HYDROXY CITRIC ACID): This fruit provides a source of Hydroxy-Citric Acid (HCA), which is chemically similar to citric acid. HCA reduces the conversion of carbohydrates into stored fat by inhibiting certain enzyme processes and has been found to be beneficial for weight loss.
GARLIC: Garlic is native to Central Asia and is now grown worldwide. Garlic has antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic activity. Research has shown that Garlic supports cardiovascular function by lowering serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and by inhibiting platelet ‘stickiness”. Garlic also contains sulphur compounds that have powerful detoxification and antioxidant activity.
GINGER: Traditional Chinese medicine has recommended Ginger for over 2,500 years. This herb is excellent for many digestive complaints including indigestion and nausea. Ginger is also a circulatory stimulant and promotes blood flow to the body’s surface.
GINKGO BILOBA: Medicinal use of Ginkgo can be traced back almost 5,000 years in Chinese herbal medicine. Ginkgo exerts a general tonic effect on the vascular system helping improve circulation, to the extremities in particular. Clinical trials have demonstrated that it increases blood flow to the brain and therefore increases oxygen and glucose utilisation, improving memory and overall cognitive performance. It is a potent antioxidant and prevents oxidation of vital tissue such as that of the brain and blood vessels.
GINSENG (KOREAN): Also sometimes referred to as Panax Ginseng, this plant is found growing on mountain slopes in parts of Asia and Russia. Korean Ginseng is an adaptogen meaning that it increases the body’s resistance to stress and promotes general vitality. It can also improve concentration and work efficiency and is a mild stimulant.
GINSENG (SIBERIAN): Siberian Ginseng is native to Eastern Russia, China, Japan and Korea and has been extensively investigated by Russian scientists since the 1950’s. Like Korean Ginseng, Siberian Ginseng is an adaptogen increasing the body’s resistance to stress. It has been shown to enhance mental acuity and physical endurance. Siberian Ginseng also enhances and supports the immune response.
GLUCOSAMINE: Glucosamine is a biochemical constituent of connective tissue such as cartilage, tendons and ligaments. Glucosamine is necessary for proper joint function and mobility as it is continually being used for the repair and rebuilding of connective tissue. Research has confirmed that Glucosamine can help to restore joint function in people with osteo-arthritis and may also play a role in wound healing.
GLUTAMIC ACID: Glutamic Acid is an amino acid with an important role in brain metabolism. It is also instrumental in the metabolism of other amino acids, sugars and fats.
GLUTAMINE: This amino acid is often referred to as a ‘brain fuel’. It is primarily found in the cerebrospinal fluid and readily crosses the blood brain barrier. It is also a precursor for Glutamic Acid.
GLUTATHIONE: This compound is composed of three amino acids and is required to form the important antioxidant enzyme GlutathionePeroxidase. It is also a powerful detoxifying agent.
GOLDENSEAL: Goldenseal is a potent antimicrobial and also has anticatarrhal and astringent actions. Goldenseal has a long history of use for infections and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory, digestive and urinary tracts.
GOTU KOLA: Gotu Kola has traditionally been used as a restorative for the nervous system and has a reputation for boosting mental activity. Gotu Kola has beneficial effects on collagen and also acts as a peripheral vasodilator, this is particularly useful for those suffering from Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI), which often progresses to varicose veins.
GRAPE SEED EXTRACT: Grape seeds are a rich source of potent antioxidants called Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins (OPCs). As well as protecting against free radical damage, OPCs help to stabilise collagen and therefore promote health of the joints and the vascular system.
GRAPEFRUIT SEED EXTRACT: The extract of Grapefruit Seeds has been found to be very effective as an antibacterial and antifungal agent.
GREEN TEA: The active constituents in Green Tea are a group of Polyphenols. They have antioxidant activity and stimulate the production of certain immune cells.
GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE: Gymnema Sylvestre supports the health of the pancreas and promotes efficient insulin release thereby helping to regulate blood sugar levels. This herb also appears to have a positive effect on cholesterol levels.
HAEMOGLOBIN: Haemoglobin is the iron containing portion present in red blood cells that binds to oxygen thereby facilitating oxygen transport to every cell.
HAWTHORN BERRY: Hawthorn Berry has a long history as a cardiotonic. Bioflavanoids present in Hawthorn have antioxidant properties and provide a number of benefits for the heart and blood vessels including reducing the production of a vessel-constricting substance thereby improving circulation.
HESPERIDIN: Hesperidin is a type of Bioflavanoid and enhances the actions and utilisation of Vitamin C.
HISTIDINE: The neurotransmitter histamine is derived from this amino acid. Histidine is important in the production of blood cells and is known to be vital for the maintenance of myelin sheaths, the insulation surrounding the nerves. Supplementing this amino acid has been found to help lower blood pressure in certain people and it can also reduce the severity of some allergic conditions.
HORSE CHESNUT: Extracts of the seeds of this plant contain a chemical called Aescin, which has been shown to promote circulation through the veins. Aescin ensures normal tone in the wall of the veins, thereby promoting return of blood to the heart. Aescin also possesses anti-inflammatory properties.
INOSITOL: Choline is classed as a ‘B-Complex Factor’ as it works closely with the B-Vitamins. Inositol is required for the proper formation of cell membranes. It is involved in nerve transmission and helps in transporting fats within the body.
IODINE: This trace mineral is needed to make thyroid hormones, which are necessary for maintaining normal metabolism in the cells of the body. Iodine is also needed for normal growth and development and for skin health.
IRON: Iron is an essential mineral required for the production of haemoglobin, which is a pigment found in red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen to every living cell in the body. This mineral is also required for a healthy immune system and is a component of many enzyme systems.
ISOLEUCINE: Isoleucine is an essential amino acid and cannot be synthesised in the body. It is required for the formation of haemoglobin and is involved in regulating stress, energy and muscle metabolism.
JAVA PLUM: Java Plum is native to parts of southern Asia and Australia. Research has shown that compounds in the seeds of the plant have significant blood sugar lowering activity.
JUNIPER BERRY: Juniper is a diuretic and therefore encourages the body to lose excess water and release toxins. Evidence suggests thatJuniper may decrease levels of a compound called uric acid which can build up in the body causing gout.
KARELLA: Karella, also known as Bitter Melon, grows in tropical areas such as the Caribbean and India where the fruit has traditionally been used as a food and a medicine. At least three different groups of constituents in this plant have been reported to have blood sugar lowering actions.
KAVA KAVA: Kava Kava is native to the Pacific Islands and has a major ritual and cultural significance to the people of these Islands. The Island people have traditionally used the herb as an aphrodisiac and to help with relaxation from stress and tension. This herb decreases anxiety and relaxes the body without loss of mental acuity. It is also a mild analgesic.
KELP: Kelp is a type of brown seaweed. Seaweed has been used for centuries as a folk remedy for fever, eczema, wounds, gallstones, kidney and liver disease, gout, menstrual problems and for cancer. Kelp is a rich source of minerals, in particular iodine, vitamins, amino acids, lipids, antioxidants and also contains certain compounds (such as fuocidin and carrageenans) that are being investigated for their antiviral and anticancer properties.
LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS: Lactobacillus Acidophilus is a type of bacteria naturally found within the micro-environment of the gut. L. Acidophilus is a lactic acid bacteria meaning that it has the ability to transform sugar to lactic acid. Roles within the body of this and other beneficial bacteria include discouraging growth of harmful bacteria, aiding digestion, regulating aspects of immune function, manufacturing certain vitamins, detoxification of toxins and regulating blood cholesterol levels.
LAPACHO: Also called Pau d’arco, this herb has been shown to contain constituents with powerful antifungal activity.
LECITHIN: Lecithin is a natural source of Phosphorous ontaining fats known as phospholipids such as phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl inositol. These compounds are very important components of cell membranes and promote normal mental and nervous function.
LEMON BALM: This herb possesses relaxing qualities. Lemon Balm also has a regulatory effect on the thyroid gland and may be useful in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
LEUCINE: Leucine is an essential amino acid and cannot be synthesised in the body. It is particularly involved in regulating stress, energy and muscle metabolism. It also promotes healing of skin and broken bones and appears to lower elevated blood sugar levels.
LIPASE: Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down fat.
LIQUORICE ROOT: Liquorice is a soothing herb for the digestive system because of its anti-inflammatory action. This herb is also an adrenal stimulant and has antiallergy and antimicrobial activity.
LUTEIN: Lutein is a phytochemical belonging to the Carotenoid family. It becomes concentrated in the central area of the retina called the macular and may offer the macular protection from potentially damaging forms of light.
LYCOPENE: Lycopene is a phytochemical belonging to the Carotenoid family and is found abundantly in tomatoes. As well as having some Vitamin A activity, this Carotenoid is a powerful antioxidant. Studies suggest that it is protective against certain forms of cancer.
LYSINE: Lysine is an essential amino acid and cannot be synthesised in the body. It has been found to inhibit the growth of viruses, particularly of current interest is its ability to control the herpes simplex virus if the diet is low in Arginine. Lysine is also involved in collagen formation.
MAGNESIUM: Magnesium is an important mineral needed for protein and fatty acid formation, activating B-Vitamins, relaxing muscles, clotting blood and forming ATP, the body’s energy molecule. Magnesium is also a vital nutrient for bone building.
MAITAKE MUSHROOM: This mushroom has a regulatory effect on the immune system. It is an adaptogenic which means that it supports the body during times of stress and it has a long history as a tonic in traditional Chinese medicine.
MALIC ACID: Malic Acid is a naturally occurring organic acid that plays a role in the complex process of deriving ATP, the body’s energy molecule, from food.
MANGANESE: Manganese is a mineral required for healthy skin, bones and cartilage formation and is involved in blood sugar regulation. It also helps to activate certain important antioxidant enzyme systems in the body.
MARIGOLD: Also known as Calendula, this plant is rich in Bioflavanoids, which accounts for it’s potent anti-inflammatory actions. This herb also possesses antiviral activity.
MEADOWSWEET: Meadowsweet is found in Northern and Southern Europe, North America and Northern Asia. This herb has diuretic and astringent properties. In addition it acts as a mild anti-inflammatory.
METHIONINE: Methionine is a Sulphur containing essential amino acid which cannot be synthesised in the body. It has antioxidant properties and is a powerful detoxification agent. It is also lipotropic, preventing fatty build up in the liver.
METHYL SULPHONYL METHANE (MSM): MSM provides the body with a source of Sulphur, a nonmetallic element that is present in every cell of animals and plants. In fact Sulphur is the fourth most abundant mineral in the body. This may explain why supplementing Sulphur has been found to be beneficial in a wide range of conditions including joint disorders, allergic reactions, eczema and toxic overload.
MILK THISTLE: Milk Thistle is native to the Mediterranean and has been used in Europe for centuries. Extensive research in Germany indicates that the active compound, Silymarin, found in the seeds of Milk Thistle has antioxidant properties and protects the cells of the liver by blocking the entrance of harmful toxins and also regenerates damaged liver cells.
MOLYBDENUM: This important trace mineral is involved in amino acid metabolism and haemoglobin production and is important for proper growth, development and mental function.
MULLEIN: This herb is an expectorant, promoting mucous secretion of the bronchi and its expulsion. It also has a soothing action on mucous membranes.
N-ACETYL METHIONINE: N-Acetyl Methionine is an amino acid compound with antioxidant activity.
N,N-DIMETHYL GLYCINE: This compound is a derivative of the amino acid Glycine and is produced in the body from Choline and Betaine. It is involved in protein synthesis, manufacture of certain hormones and increases blood and oxygen supplies to the tissues. It has been found to lower cholesterol and reduce angina and heart arrhythmia’s.
NEEM: Historically, Neem has been used to rid the body of various forms of external parasites. Scientists have since proven that Neem is effective against both external and internal parasites. Neem also has antibiotic, antiviral and antifungal activity and has positive influences on the immune system.
NETTLE LEAF: Nettle has a long history of use and in the past the leaves were cooked and eaten as vegetables and the plant was used to treat coughs, tuberculosis and arthritis. Recent findings suggest that this herb has anti-allergy activity, possibly due to anti-inflammatory compounds. In addition Nettle acts as an antihaemorrhagic.
NICOTINIC ACID: Nicotinic Acid is one of the two types of Vitamin B3. Research has found that Nicotinic Acid can lower blood cholesterol levels and helps to increase peripheral circulation.
OCTACOSANOL: Octacosanol is a compound present in the superficial layers of fruit, leaves and skin of many plants as well as many whole grains. Research suggests that this biochemical may have a positive effect on endurance and stamina.
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS: Omega-3 essential fatty acids have many vital functions in the body including maintaining cell membranes, regulating immune functions and hormone balance and promoting cardiovascular and skin health. They are also vital for brain development. These fatty acids are used to help a wide range of conditions such as heart disease, arthritis, allergies, depression, fatigue and weight problems.
OMEGA-6 FATTY ACIDS: Omega-6 essential fatty acids have many vital functions in the body including maintaining cell membranes, regulating immune functions and hormone balance and promoting cardiovascular and skin health. These fatty acids are used to help a wide range of conditions such as liver problems, heart disease, arthritis, allergies, chronic fatigue syndrome and weight problems.
PARA-AMINO BENZOIC ACID (PABA): PABA is a co-enzyme associated with the Vitamin B-Complex and is not a true vitamin. PABA plays a role in the metabolism of proteins, formation of red blood cells and the production of Folic Acid by the intestinal bacteria.
PARSLEY: Parsley has many health benefits as well as its widespread culinary use. It is an antimicrobial, stimulates the normal activity of the digestive tract and freshens breath. It is also a uterine tonic.
PASSION FLOWER: Passion Flower is native to North, Central and South America. This herb is a mild sedative and is used for the treatment of nervous restlessness.
PEPPERMINT: Peppermint has a relaxant effect on the digestive tract and uterus. It also promotes the flow of bile and is an antiseptic and antiparasitic.
PAPAIN: Papain is a natural plant enzyme derived from papaya. It has been found to be helpful for those with intestinal damage due to gluten intolerance leading to malabsorption.
PHENYLALANINE: L-Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid, It is a precursor for several important neurotransmitters and brain chemicals and in this way it helps to produce and maintain a positive mood.
PHOSPHATIDYL SERINE: Phosphatidyl Serine is one of the structural molecules of nerve cell membranes and is therefore very important for the function of the nervous system and brain. This compound may also stimulate immune cell activity.
PHOSPHORUS: About 85% of the mineral Phosphorous found in the body is within the bone. Apart from this mineral’s mportance in bone health, it is also required for cell growth and repair.
PINE BARK EXTRACT: Pine Bark contains a range of phytochemicals with antioxidant activity that is more potent then that of Vitamin C and E. They also stabilise collagen helping to maintain the integrity of the vascular system and may also benefit joint problems due to collagen deterioration.
PLANTAIN: Plantain is a herb with diuretic, anti-haemorrhagic and lipid-lowering properties.
POTASSIUM: Potassium is an essential element for maintaining fluid balance and normal blood pressure, for transmission of nerve impulses and the control of muscle contractions.
PROPOLIS: Propolis is a resinous material produced by bees to protect and sterilise their hives. Propolis contains almost all of the essential vitamins and minerals, 16 amino acids and is rich in Bioflavanoids. Propolis is well known for its natural antibiotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
PROTEASE: Protease describes an enzyme that breaks down proteins to their amino acid components.
PSYLLIUM: Psyllium Husk is an excellent source of soluble dietary fibre. It is native to Europe, North Africa and Asia and has been used for thousands of years as a safe and effective bulk laxative. Due to its bulking effect it is beneficial for both constipation and diarrhoea and can assist in maintaining a normal and healthy bowel function. Recent research also indicates that soluble fibre may help to maintain normal blood cholesterol levels.
PUMPKIN SEED: Pumpkin Seeds are a rich natural source of Omega-6 essential fatty acids and minerals, which are beneficial for prostate health.
PYCNOGENOL: Pycnogenol (Patented form of Pine Bark Extract) has antioxidant activity that is more potent then Vitamin C and E. Pycnogenol also stabilises collagen helping to maintain the integrity of the vascular system and may also benefit joint problems due to collagen deterioration.
PYRIDOXAL-5-PHOSPHATE (P-5-P): This is the active co-enzyme form of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine). Conversion to P-5-P occurs in the liver and requires Riboflavin and Magnesium. People with impaired liver function may have difficulty making this conversion therefore P-5-P would be a preferable way to supplement Vitamin B6.
QUERCETIN: This powerful Bioflavanoid antioxidant inhibits an enzyme that leads to accumulation of sorbitol, which has been linked to nerve, eye and kidney damage in those with diabetes. It also has antihistamine activity as it helps to regulate histamine levels in the body.
REISHI MUSHROOM: The Reishi mushroom is traditionally used in Chinese medicine for conditions characterised by a deficiency of vital energy. This mushroom has beneficial effects on the immune system, it can help lower blood pressure and is reputed to have a substantial anti-allergy effect.
RHODIOLA: Rhodiola is an adaptogen, which means that it can increase the body’s tolerance to various types of stress. This herb also provides immune support and has antidepressive effects.
RIBOFLAVIN-5-PHOSPHATE (R-5-P): This is the active co-enzyme form of Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) and has the same function.
RIBONUCLEIC ACID (RNA): Ribonucleic Acid is a vital molecule involved in the formation of proteins according to genetic requirements.
ROSE HIPS: Rosehips are one of the richest natural sources of Vitamin C and Bioflavanoids.
RUTIN: Rutin is a Bioflavanoid that enhances the actions and utilisation of Vitamin C. Bioflavonoids also maintain the integrity of blood vessels.
SAW PALMETTO: Saw Palmetto is native to North America and is mainly used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). BPH is stated to result from prostrate accumulation of the chemical dihydrotestosterone (DHT), Saw Palmetto has been shown to increase the breakdown and excretion of DHT. It may also be helpful for other conditions related to elevated levels of DHT such as polycystic ovary syndrome. Saw Palmetto also functions as a general tonic and a urinary antiseptic.
SCHISANDRA: Schisandra ranks along with other Chinese tonic herbs as an excellent restorative. It is beneficial in times of stress and by stimulating the nervous system it can enhance mental clarity. Schisandra protects the liver from damage by stimulating the livers detoxification processes and promoting liver repair.
SELENIUM: Selenium is an essential trace mineral, which is required for the formation of an important antioxidant enzyme system. Selenium also plays an important role in maintaining the healthy function of vital body organs such as the heart, liver, pancreas and thyroid glands. Selenium deficiency is linked to the development of cancer and heart disease.
SHIITAKE MUSHROOM: Like the Reishi and Maitake mushrooms, the Shiitake mushroom is known as one of the ‘power mushrooms’ because of its long-standing record of health benefits. It displays immune-enhancing benefits and is being investigated for its anticancer and antiviral activity.
SILICA: This essential trace mineral is found in abundance in the connective tissue, bone and skin and it is thought to play a role in the architecture and metabolism of these structures.
SILICIC ACID: Silicic Acid is a form of the mineral Silica and is found mainly in body fluids.
SKULLCAP: This herb is native to North America and possesses anticonvulsant and mild sedative properties.
SOYA ISOFLAVONE CONCENTRATE: Isoflavones are plant chemicals with various beneficial effects including antioxidant and hormone-regulating activity. Soya beans provides a rich natural source of these compounds.
SOYA PROTEIN ISOLATE: Soya Protein is a rich source of a wide range of amino acids, which provide the structural foundation of all living cells.
SPIRULINA: Spirulina is a type of blue green algae and provides a rich source of many nutrients, in particular the Omega-6 fatty acid Gamma Linolenic Acid (GLA). Like all seaweeds Spirulina contains components that have a detoxifying effect on the body.
STARFLOWER (BORAGE OIL): Starflower Oil is one of the richest natural sources of Gamma Linolenic Acid (GLA). GLA converts to chemicals called prostaglandins, which, amongst other things are anti-inflammatory, immune promoting, they reduce blood platelet ‘stickiness’ and increase the effectiveness of insulin.
ST JOHN’S WORT: St John’s Wort received its name as it flowers around the time of the feast of St John the Baptist. Recent research has demonstrated that St John’s Wort is as effective as drugs used in the treatment of mild to moderate depression and has significantly fewer side effects.
SULPHURAPHANE: Sulphuraphane is a phytochemical found in cruciferous vegetables. It has been shown to be a strong inducer of the liver’s detoxification enzymes.
SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE: This is an extremely important antioxidant enzyme present naturally in the body.
TAURINE: Taurine is a non essential amino acid that helps to regulate heartbeat, maintains cell membrane stability and helps to prevent over activity of brain-cells. A further role played by Taurine is in maintaining the correct composition of bile and in ensuring solubility of cholesterol.
THREONINE: Threonine is an essential amino acid, it is lipotropic and prevents fatty build up in the liver. Threonine is involved in the manufacture of certain immune factors and is also a constituent of collagen.
TURMERIC: Curcumin, the active constituent of Tumeric is a strong antioxidant. It is also an anti-inflammatory and a liver-protective agent.
TYROSINE: This amino acid can be converted to the neurotransmitter, Noradrenaline, which is important for mood regulation.
UVA URSI: The herb Uva Ursi is a diuretic. It is also a urinary antiseptic as it’s active ingredients have been shown to kill bacteria in the urine.
VALERIAN: Native to Europe this herb has been used for many centuries as a treatment for insomnia and recent studies have shown that it is as effective as standard sleep medications. Valerian also appears to make sleep more restful.
VALINE: Valine is an essential amino acid and is not synthesised in the body, it is vital for mental and neural function and for muscle coordination.
VANADIUM: Vanadium is an ultra trace mineral, which may have a positive effect on glucose, fat and cholesterol levels. It is also thought to enhance bone and tooth formation.
VITAMIN A: Vitamin A is essential for a healthy immune system, normal cell reproduction and for growth and repair of tissues. It is important for healthy bones, teeth, eyes, hair, skin and maintains the mucous membranes of the respiratory, digestive and urinary tract
VITAMIN B1: Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) is required for the conversion of carbohydrates into glucose, which is burned in the body for energy. It is also essential for the functioning of the nervous system.
VITAMIN B2: Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) is required for the breakdown and utilisation of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It is also required for healthy eyes, hair, skin and nails.
VITAMIN B3: Vitamin B3 (Niacin) is required in the key biochemical pathways of energy metabolism, in the process of red blood cell and steroid formation and for the health of the nervous, circulatory and digestive system.
VITAMIN B5: Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) is essential for energy production, healthy skin, the function of the brain and immune system and for the production of adrenal gland hormones, which is required during periods of stress.
VITAMIN B6: Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) plays an important role in the production of red blood cells, release of energy from foods and for metabolism of proteins and fats. It also helps to maintain healthy fluid balance, nervous and endocrine system and for proper brain function.
VITAMIN B12: Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) is needed in the body for the synthesis of DNA and is vital for the health of every cell in the body, particularly the red blood and bone marrow cells. It also plays an important role in fatty acid metabolism and in maintaining a healthy heart, immune and nervous system.
VITAMIN C: Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant and detoxifying nutrient. It is required for maintaining a healthy immune system, normal blood cholesterol levels and for the health of every body tissue including collagen, bones, gums, teeth and blood vessels.
VITAMIN D: Vitamin D’s primary role is to maintain blood levels of Calcium, it achieves this by increasing absorption of the mineral from food and reducing urinary loss of the mineral.
VITAMIN E: Vitamin E is required in the body to maintain neuromuscular, reproductive and immune function, blood coagulation and for healthy blood vessels, and skin. Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant helping to control free radical damage and oxidation of cellular tissue.
VITAMIN K: Vitamin K has several known biological roles, the most important being in the synthesis of several factors involved in blood clotting. It also plays a role in the mineralisation of bone.
WHITE WILLOW BARK: The White Willow tree grows primarily in Central and Southern Europe. The bark contains compounds called Salicylates (similar to Aspirin) that have anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving activity. The analgesic actions are typically slow acting but last longer than standard Aspirin products.
WILD YAM: Wild Yam plants are found across the Mid-Western and Eastern United States, Latin America (the plant is also known as Mexican Yam) and Asia. Wild yam has strong antispasmodic action and also acts as an anti-inflammatory. This herb can have beneficial effects on the levels of fats in the blood.
WITCH HAZEL: Tannins and volatile oils are the main active constituents in Witch Hazel. Research has confirmed their ability tostrengthen veins and they also possess anti-inflammatory properties.
YELLOW DOCK: Yellow Dock promotes the flow of bile and is a gentle laxative, These properties are useful to enhance the detoxification processes in the body.
YERBA SANTE: Yerba Sante acts as a respiratory stimulant, bronchial dilator and mild decongestant. It is a useful herb in the treatment of chest colds, hayfever, bronchitis and asthma.
YUCCA: This desert tree grows primarily in the South-Western United States. Compounds present in Yucca possess anti-inflammatory activity and the plant has been found to be useful in the treatment of arthritis.
ZINC: Zinc is required for normal vision, taste, smell and healthy skin. It is involved in immune function promoting normal tissue growth, wound repair and protects against free radical damage. It also plays a role in fertility, protein synthesis and blood sugar regulation.